A framework to model freeze/thaw-induced crack propagation in concrete based on a fatigue phase-field method

Concrete structures in cold regions are exposed to harsh environmental conditions, including freeze–thaw cycles, which lead to frost damage and degradation. Accurate simulation of the freeze–thaw damage process is essential for assessing concrete structures’ performance and service life. This paper presents a novel approach for simulating microcracks propagation in concrete during freeze–thaw cycles based on a fatigue phase-field model, in which a fatigue degradation function is introduced in the energy functional. The commercial software COMSOL is employed to implement the proposed model using a segregated scheme. The proposed model is validated against experimental results presented in the literature. Additionally, three cases are studied to get insight into the freeze–thaw damage. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the fatigue phase-field model in capturing crack propagation in concrete under freeze–thaw cycles. The developed model offers valuable insights for assessing and designing concrete structures in cold regions.