Ultrasonic-assisted europium decorated cuprous oxide nanoparticles: exploring their photothermal capabilities and antioxidant properties for biomedical applications

Metal oxide nanoparticles offer capabilities for cancer therapeutics, but their applicability is often jeopardized due to toxicity hurdles. To tackle this problem, in this study, we have synthesized europium decorated cuprous oxide nanoparticles (Eu-Cu2O NPs) via a facile ultrasonic-assisted method. Surface decoration of nanoparticles is an effective strategy to tailor their physicochemical and biological properties. The decorated nanoparticles were found to possess improved stability, superior biocompatibility and enhanced photothermal properties than the undecorated pristine nanoparticles (Cu2O NPs). In vitro studies validated the capacity of the decorated nanoparticles to regulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and in turn combat the inherent toxicity of cuprous nanoparticles. By controlling the ROS dynamics and decreasing inadvertent toxic effects minimize possibilities of higher toxicity enabling this innovative strategy to potentially transform into an effective platform for drug delivery systems. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.