This paper presents a novel algorithm for enhancement of spatial resolution of images. The proposed algorithm estimates a Least square based predictor of lower order and interpolates the coefficients of higher order predictor. We have reduced the predictor order form p to (p-1) that results into a saving of computational power. The proposed algorithm is generic that can be used with most of the LS based interpolation algorithms reported in literature. We have shown that use of interpolated prediction coefficient causes insignificant loss in subjective as well as objective (PSNR) quality of the higher resolution (HR) image as compared with the PSNR obtained by the actual prediction coefficient and there is around 40% to 50% reduction in computational complexity.

Intelligent systems are emerging computing systems developed based on intelligent techniques. These techniques take advantage of artificial neural networks to emulate intelligent behavior. Extensive studies carried out during the past several years have revealed that neural networks enjoy numerous practical advantages over conventional methods. They are more fault-tolerant, less sensitive to noise and mostly used for their human-like characteristics (learning and generalization). They have been accepted as powerful tools for correlating data without making strong assumptions about the problems. Traditional neural networks's parameters are usually real numbers for dealing with real-valued data. However, high-dimensional data also appear in practical applications and consequently, high-dimensional neural networks have been proposed. They have also presented improved results even in case of real-valued problems. As a prelude, we provide a brief overview of the existing methodologies in high-dimensional neural computation. Our particular point of view is to describe several real-world applications, in which the use of these techniques really helps in achieving the goals of intelligent system.

All-optical switching has been proposed as a candidate to allow high capacity networking in the future. However, most of the proposed all optical switching architectures have a large physical loss, and hence, their cascadabilty is limited. This paper proposes an optical packet switch (OPS) which has very low loss. The architecture is realized by using components like optical reflectors, tunable wavelength converters (TWCs), arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) and pieces of fiber. This architecture uses the routing pattern of AWG, and its symmetric nature, to simplify switch operation significantly. It is also shown that by using a multi-wavelengths optical reflector, the length of delay lines can be reduced to half of its original value. This reduction in length is useful for larger size packets as their length can grow to more than a few kilometers. The proposed architecture is compared with other approaches that have been published in literature in terms of performance, implementation complexity, number of components used and cost. This paper also proposes a cost model for the cost estimation of the TWCs. The proposed model takes into consideration fiber-to-chip coupling (FCC) and the wavelength speed-up factor (WSU).

he computational power of a neuron lies in the spatial grouping of synapses belonging to any dendrite tree. Attempts to give a mathematical representation to the grouping process of synapses continue to be a fascinating field of work for researchers in the neural network community. In the literature, we generally find neuron models that comprise of summation, radial basis or product aggregation function, as basic unit of feed-forward multilayer neural network. All these models and their corresponding networks have their own merits and demerits. The MLP constructs global approximation to input-output mapping, while a RBF network, using exponentially decaying localized non-linearity, constructs local approximation to input-output mapping. In this paper, we propose two compensatory type novel aggregation functions for artificial neurons. They produce net potential as linear or non-linear composition of basic summation and radial basis operations over a set of input signals. The neuron models based on these aggregation functions ensure faster convergence, better training and prediction accuracy. The learning and generalization capabilities of these neurons have been tested over various classification and functional mapping problems. These neurons have also shown excellent generalization ability over the two-dimensional transformations.

A Library Pathfinder is a kind of map to the resources of the library. It is an information locator for the library user who searches for recorded materials on a subject of his interest. Over a period of time, the Library has devised Subject Guides and Course Guides, etc. based on the concept of Pathfinders. Course Guide is a mechanism to manage and explore resources related to different academic courses taught in an Institute. They provide students with course details such as course title, course code, course load, credit weightage, learning objectives, contents, outcomes, and references, etc. In order to find the course contents, their related books and journals in Library, and related resources in open/public domain, IIT Jodhpur Library has attempted to develop Course Guides for its users. An open source software called " SubjectsPlus " has been used for this purpose. SubjectsPlus is a free and open source tool to manage several interrelated parts of a Library website. It allows library staff, without any prior coding knowledge, to create online course contents and resources. This tool can be used to develop different types of Library Guides, viz. Subject Guides, Course Guides, Pathfinders, A-Z database/resource lists of Library, etc. This paper will focus on the features of this tool and how IIT Jodhpur Library has used it to develop Course Guides.

A book/resource becomes redundant unless and until it is discovered by its user. Finding each other, i.e. a reader finding his resource, and the resource finding its reader are equally important. Therefore, in order to enhance the discoverability of the resources, electronic books, in particular, advertising and promoting information about their availability in Library becomes very important. The right way of promoting electronic book collection is to identify the right place, right user, at the right time. In an Academic Library, usually, users seek to get information from two forms of resources i.e., print and electronic. When a Library acquires an electronic or online book, its information is usually sent via email to the users and by linking on the Library Website. Though these are the immediate methods of intimating the users about them, limiting their promotion to just these methods has not really helped in their usage. Some other methods include listing them in the “New Arrivals” lists or CAS service lists, Library Newsletters, etc. Despite these efforts, the not-so-encouraging usage statistics at the end of the year, do raise a brow of concern. While researching on addressing this concern, we, at IIT Jodhpur Library, came across an interesting method followed by University Library Center, Idaho State University, USA, who used wooden book dummies to promote their electronic books. We studied and discussed this idea. After a series of discussions, feasibility study, and a pilot project, we finally decided to customize the idea of E-Book Dummy to a more practical, attractive and a cost-effective method. Our paper discusses the E-Book Dummy Project at IIT Jodhpur Library, in detail, and how we are hoping to see a soar in the usage of our E-Books.

S. R. Ranganathan Learning Hub, the library at the Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, supports teaching and research activities of the institute by facilitating acquisition, organization and dissemination of knowledge resources, and also by providing library and information services to the IIT Jodhpur community consisting of more than 4000 users including the faculty members, staff and students. This article intends to provide an outline of the contactless services initiated and run by the library of IIT Jodhpur. Dr. S. R. Ranganathan, on whose name the library of IIT Jodhpur stands proudly, is considered as the father of library science in India. He conceived and propounded five laws of library science in 1924, and the statements encapsulating these laws were formulated by him in 1928, detailing the principles of operating a library system. The five laws of library science are viewed as a set of norms, precepts, and guides to good practice in librarianship. These have global acceptance as the foundations to the library philosophy.

The chapter discusses library support services in a distance education system and their value and importance in the overall development of a learner in general and a distance learner in particular. The chapter also traces how emerging digital technologies allow libraries to offer efficient support services to distance learners. This case of Distance Library Services at a university in India describes the evolution, experiences and challenges of offering distance library services through the university. The chapter focuses on information literacy and use of social networking tools. Development of information literacy is critical for distance learners, and social networking tools based on Web 2.0 technologies may provide library services and impart information literacy to distance learners. The chapter concludes with some suggestions pertaining to opportunities and future propositions.